Maret 2013

Pemeran Khalifah kedua Islam pada serial Omar bin Khattab adalah Samer Ismail, seorang aktor mudah berkebangsaan Syria/Suriah
Pada hari-hari terakhir hidupnya, Khalifah Abu Bakar sibuk bertanya pada banyak orang."Bagaimana pendapatmu tentang Umar?" Hampir semua orang menyebut Umar adalah seorang yang keras, namun jiwanya sangat baik. Setelah itu, Abu Bakar minta Usman bin Affan untuk menuliskan wasiat bahwa penggantinya kelak adalah Umar. Tampaknya Abu Bakar khawatir jika umat Islam akan berselisih pendapat bila ia tak menuliskan wasiat itu. 

Pada tahun 13 Hijriah atau 634 Masehi, Abu Bakar wafat dan Umar menjadi khalifah.Jika orang-orang menyebut Abu Bakar sebagai "Khalifatur- Rasul", kini mereka memanggil Umar "Amirul Mukminin" (Pemimpin orang mukmin).Umar masuk Islam sekitar tahun 6 Hijriah.Saat itu, ia berniat membunuh Muhammad namun tersentuh hati ketika mendengar adiknya,Fatimah, melantunkan ayat Quran. 

Selama di Madinah, Umarlah --bersama Hamzah-yang paling ditakuti orang-orang Quraisy.Keduanya selalu siap berkelahi jika Rasul dihina. Saat hijrah, ia juga satu-satunya sahabat Rasul yang pergi secara terang-terangan. Ia menantang siapapun agar menyusulnya bila ingin "ibunya meratapi, istrinya jadi janda, dan anaknya menangis kehilangan.

"Kini ia harus tampil menjadi pemimpin semua. Saat itu, pasukan Islam tengah bertempur sengit di Yarmuk -wilayah perbatasan dengan Syria. Umar tidak memberitakan kepada pasukannya bahwa Abu Bakar telah wafat dan ia yang sekarang menjadi khalifah. Ia tidak ingin mengganggu konsentrasi pasukan yang tengah melawan kerajaan Romawi itu. 

Di Yarmuk, keputusan Abu Bakar untuk mengambil markas di tempat itu dan kecerdikan sertakeberanian Khalid bin Walid membawa hasil. Muslim bermarkas di bukit-bukit yang menjadi benteng alam, sedangkan Romawi terpaksa menempati lembah di hadapannya. Puluhan ribu pasukan Romawi -baik yang pasukan Arab Syria maupun yang didatangkan dari Yunani-tewas. Lalu terjadilah pertistiwa mengesankan itu. 

Panglima Romawi, Gregorius Theodore -orang-orang Arab menyebutnya "Jirri Tudur"-- ingin menghindari jatuhnya banyak korban. Ia menantang Khalid untuk berduel. Dalam pertempuran dua orang itu, tombak Gregorius patah terkena sabetan pedang Khalid. Ia ganti mengambil pedang besar. Ketika berancang-ancang perang lagi, Gregorius bertanya pada Khalid tentang motivasinya berperang serta tentang Islam. 

Mendengar jawaban Khalid, di hadapan ratusan ribu pasukan Romawi dan Muslim, Gregorius menyatakan diri masuk Islam. Ia lalu belajar Islam sekilas, sempat menunaikan salat duarakaat, lalu bertempur di samping Khalid. Gregorius syahid di tangan bekas pasukannya sendiri.Namun pasukan Islam mencatat kemenangan besar di Yarmuk, meskipun sejumlah sahabat meninggal di sana.Di antaranya adalah Juwariah, putri Abu Sofyan. 

Umar kemudian memecat Khalid, dan mengangkat Abu Ubaidah sebagai Panglima Besar pengganti.Umar khawatir, umat Islam akan sangat mendewakan Khalid. Hal demikian bertentangan prinsip Islam. Khalid ikhlas menerima keputusan itu. "saya berjihad bukan karena Umar," katanya.Ia terus membantu Abu Ubaidah di medan tempur. Kota Damaskus berhasil dikuasai. Dengan menggunakan "tangga manusia", pasukan Khalid berhasil menembus benteng Aleppo. Kaisar Heraklius dengan sedih terpaksa mundur ke Konstantinopel, meninggalkan seluruh wilayahSyria yang telah lima abad dikuasai Romawi.

Penguasa Yerusalem juga menyerah. Namun mereka hanya akan menyerahkan kota itu padapemimpin tertinggi Islam. Maka Umar pun berangkat ke Yerusalem. Ia menolak dikawalpasukan. Jadilah pemandangan ganjil itu. Pemuka Yerusalem menyambut dengan upacara kebesaran.Pasukan Islam juga tampil mentereng. Setelah menaklukkan Syria, mereka kini hidup makmur.Lalu Umar dengan bajunya yang sangat sederhana datang menunggang unta merah. Ia hanya disertaiseorang pembantu. Mereka membawa sendiri kantung makanan serta air

Kesederhanaan Umar itu mengundang simpati orang-orang non Muslim. Apalagi kaum Gereja Syria dan Gereja Kopti-Mesir memang mengharap kedatangan Islam. Semasa kekuasaan Romawimereka tertindas, karena yang diakui kerajaan hanya Gereja Yunani. Maka, Islam segeramenyebar dengan cepat ke arah Memphis (Kairo), Iskandaria hingga Tripoli, di bawah komandoAmr bin Ash dan Zubair, menantu Abu Bakar

Ke wilayah Timur, pasukan Saad bin Abu Waqas juga merebut Ctesiphon -pusat kerajaan Persia,pada 637 Masehi. Tiga putri raja dibawa ke Madinah, dan dinikahkan dengan Muhammad anakAbu Bakar, Abdullah anak Umar, serta Hussein anak Ali. Hussein dan istrinya itu melahirkanZainal Ali Abidin -Imam besar Syiah. Dengan demikian, Zainal mewarisi darah Nabi Muhammad,Ismail dan Ibrahim dari ayah, serta darah raja-raja Persia dari ibu. Itu yang menjelaskanmengapa warga Iran menganut aliran Syi'ah. Dari Persia, Islam kemudian menyebar ke wilayahAsia Tengah, mulai Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan bahkan ke timur ke wilayah Afghanistan sekarang.

Umar wafat pada tahun 23 Hijriah atau 644 Masehi. Saat salat subuh, seorang asal ParsiFiruz menikamnya dan mengamuk di masjid dengan pisau beracun. Enam orang lainnya tewas,sebelum Firus sendiri juga tewas. Banyak dugaan mengenai alasan pembunuhan tersebut. Yang pasti,ini adalah pembunuhan pertama seorang muslim oleh muslim lainnya.

Umar bukan saja seorang yang sederhana, tapi juga seorang yang berani berijtihad. Yakni melakukan hal-hal yang tak dilakukan Rasul. Untuk pemerintah, ia membentuk departemen-departemen.Ia tidak lagi membagikan harta pamoasan perang buat pasukannya, melainkan menetapkan gajibuat mereka. Umar memulai penanggalan Hijriah, dan melanjutkan pengumpulan catatan ayat Quranyang dirintis Abu Bakar. Ia juga memerintahkan salat tarawih berjamaah.

Menurut riwayat, suatu waktu Ali terpesona melihat lampu-lampu masjid menyala pada malamhari di bulan Ramadhan. "Ya Allah, sinarilah makam Umar sebagaimana masjid-masjid kami terangbenderang karenanya," kata Ali.   

Nor is it at all prudent for the hunter to be over curious touching the precise nature of the whale spout. It will not do for him to be peering into it, and putting his face in it. You cannot go with your pitcher to this fountain and fill it, and bring it away. For even when coming into slight contact with the outer, vapoury shreds of the jet, which will often happen, your skin will feverishly smart, from the acridness of the thing so touching it. And I know one, who coming into still closer contact with the spout, whether with some scientific object in view, or otherwise, I cannot say, the skin peeled off from his cheek and arm. Wherefore, among whalemen, the spout is deemed poisonous; they try to evade it. Another thing; I have heard it said, and I do not much doubt it, that if the jet is fairly spouted into your eyes, it will blind you. The wisest thing the investigator can do then, it seems to me, is to let this deadly spout alone.
Still, we can hypothesize, even if we cannot prove and establish. My hypothesis is this: that the spout is nothing but mist. And besides other reasons, to this conclusion I am impelled, by considerations touching the great inherent dignity and sublimity of the Sperm Whale; I account him no common, shallow being, inasmuch as it is an undisputed fact that he is never found on soundings, or near shores; all other whales sometimes are. He is both ponderous and profound. And I am convinced that from the heads of all ponderous profound beings, such as Plato, Pyrrho, the Devil, Jupiter, Dante, and so on, there always goes up a certain semi-visible steam, while in the act of thinking deep thoughts. While composing a little treatise on Eternity, I had the curiosity to place a mirror before me; and ere long saw reflected there, a curious involved worming and undulation in the atmosphere over my head. The invariable moisture of my hair, while plunged in deep thought, after six cups of hot tea in my thin shingled attic, of an August noon; this seems an additional argument for the above supposition.
And how nobly it raises our conceit of the mighty, misty monster, to behold him solemnly sailing through a calm tropical sea; his vast, mild head overhung by a canopy of vapour, engendered by his incommunicable contemplations, and that vapour—as you will sometimes see it—glorified by a rainbow, as if Heaven itself had put its seal upon his thoughts. For, d'ye see, rainbows do not visit the clear air; they only irradiate vapour. And so, through all the thick mists of the dim doubts in my mind, divine intuitions now and then shoot, enkindling my fog with a heavenly ray. And for this I thank God; for all have doubts; many deny; but doubts or denials, few along with them, have intuitions. Doubts of all things earthly, and intuitions of some things heavenly; this combination makes neither believer nor infidel, but makes a man who regards them both with equal eye.
Other poets have warbled the praises of the soft eye of the antelope, and the lovely plumage of the bird that never alights; less celestial, I celebrate a tail.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip exea commodo consequat.
  • Nor is it at all prudent for the hunter to be over curious touching the precise nature of the whale spout
  • It will not do for him to be peering into it, and putting his face in it
  • You cannot go with your pitcher to this fountain and fill it, and bring it away
  • For even when coming into slight contact with the outer, vapoury shreds of the jet, which will often happen, your skin will feverishly smart, from the acridness of the thing so touching it
  • And I know one, who coming into still closer contact with the spout, whether with some scientific object in view, or otherwise, I cannot say, the skin peeled off from his cheek and arm
  • Wherefore, among whalemen, the spout is deemed poisonous; they try to evade it
  1. For Tharks they were wildly enthusiastic, and before another half hour had passed twenty mounted messengers were speeding across dead sea bottoms to call the hordes together for the expedition
  2. In three days we were on the march toward Zodanga, one hundred thousand strong, as Tars Tarkas had been able to enlist the services of three smaller hordes on the promise of the great loot of Zodanga
  3. At the head of the column I rode beside the great Thark while at the heels of my mount trotted my beloved Woola
  4. We traveled entirely by night, timing our marches so that we camped during the day at deserted cities where, even to the beasts, we were all kept indoors during the daylight hours

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Now, as many Sperm Whales had been captured off the western coast of Java, in the near vicinity of the Straits of Sunda; indeed, as most of the ground, roundabout, was generally recognised by the fishermen as an excellent spot for cruising; therefore, as the Pequod gained more and more upon Java Head, the look-outs were repeatedly hailed, and admonished to keep wide awake. But though the green palmy cliffs of the land soon loomed on the starboard bow, and with delighted nostrils the fresh cinnamon was snuffed in the air, yet not a single jet was descried. Almost renouncing all thought of falling in with any game hereabouts, the ship had well nigh entered the straits, when the customary cheering cry was heard from aloft, and ere long a spectacle of singular magnificence saluted us.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Broad on both bows, at the distance of some two or three miles, and forming a great semicircle, embracing one half of the level horizon, a continuous chain of whale-jets were up-playing and sparkling in the noon-day air. Unlike the straight perpendicular twin-jets of the Right Whale, which, dividing at top, fall over in two branches, like the cleft drooping boughs of a willow, the single forward-slanting spout of the Sperm Whale presents a thick curled bush of white mist, continually rising and falling away to leeward.
Crowding all sail the Pequod pressed after them; the harpooneers handling their weapons, and loudly cheering from the heads of their yet suspended boats. If the wind only held, little doubt had they, that chased through these Straits of Sunda, the vast host would only deploy into the Oriental seas to witness the capture of not a few of their number. And who could tell whether, in that congregated caravan, Moby Dick himself might not temporarily be swimming, like the worshipped white-elephant in the coronation procession of the Siamese! So with stun-sail piled on stun-sail, we sailed along, driving these leviathans before us; when, of a sudden, the voice of Tashtego was heard, loudly directing attention to something in our wake.

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